The standard library comes with a number of modules that can be used both as modules and as command-line utilities.
The dis Module
The dis module is the Python disassembler. It converts byte codes to a format that is slightly more appropriate for human consumption.
Example
This would produce the following result −
3 0 LOAD_CONST 1 (10)
2 STORE_FAST 0 (vara)
4 4 LOAD_CONST 2 (20)
6 STORE_FAST 1 (varb)
6 8 LOAD_FAST 0 (vara)
10 LOAD_FAST 1 (varb)
12 BINARY_ADD
14 STORE_FAST 2 (sum)
7 16 LOAD_GLOBAL 0 (print)
18 LOAD_CONST 3 ('vara + varb = %d')
20 LOAD_FAST 2 (sum)
22 BINARY_MODULO
24 CALL_FUNCTION 1
26 POP_TOP
28 LOAD_CONST 0 (None)
30 RETURN_VALUE
The pdb Module
The pdb module is the standard Python debugger. It is based on the bdb debugger framework.
You can run the debugger from the command line (type n [or next] to go to the next line and help to get a list of available commands) −
Example
Before you try to run pdb.py, set your path properly to Python lib directory. So let us try with above example sum.py −
The profile Module
The profile module is the standard Python profiler. You can run the profiler from the command line −
Example
Let us try to profile the following program −
Now, try running cProfile.py over this file sum.py as follow −
The tabnanny Module
The tabnanny module checks Python source files for ambiguous indentation. If a file mixes tabs and spaces in a way that throws off indentation, no matter what tab size you're using, the nanny complains.
Example
Let us try to profile the following program −
If you would try a correct file with tabnanny.py, then it won't complain as follows −
$tabnanny.py -v sum.py 'sum.py': Clean bill of health.
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